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Mechanical and Industrial Engineering

Program Overview

Groundbreaking research is conducted at the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering in eight main areas. On the mechanical engineering side, the areas include robotics, mechanics and design, materials, and thermofluids. The industrial engineering areas include human factors, information engineering, operations research, and applied machine learning.


Quick Facts

Domestic International
Application deadline MEng:

Winter 2024 entry

Application fee due October 1, 2023 (Complete application by October 15)

Fall 2024 entry

Application fee due June 1, 2024 (Complete application by June 15)

 

MASc, PhD:

Winter 2024 entry

Application fee due October 1, 2023 (Complete application by October 15)

Fall 2024 entry

Application fee due January 1, 2024 (Complete application by January 15)

MEng:

Winter 2024 entry

Application fee due August 1, 2023 (Complete application by August 15)

Fall 2024 entry

Application fee due April 1, 2024 (Complete application by April 15)

MASc, PhD:

Winter 2024 entry

Application fee due October 1, 2023 (Complete application by October 15)

Fall 2024 entry

Application fee due January 1, 2024 (Complete application by January 15)

Minimum admission average MASc, MEng:

3.0 (mid-B; 73-76%) in the final two years of undergraduate study

PhD:

3.7 (A-; 80-84%) in the final two years of undergraduate study

MASc, MEng:

3.0 (mid-B; 73-76%) in the final two years of undergraduate study

PhD:

3.0 (mid-B; 73-76%) in the final two years of undergraduate study

Direct entry option from bachelor's to PhD? PhD:

Yes

PhD:

Yes

Is a supervisor identified before or after admission? MASc, PhD:

Before

MASc, PhD:

Before

Is a supervisor assigned by the graduate unit or secured by the applicant? MASc, PhD:

Applicant

MASc, PhD:

Applicant

Are any standardized tests required/recommended? MASc, MEng, PhD:

N/A

MASc, MEng, PhD:

N/A


Master of Applied Science

Program Description

The MASc degree program provides students with an opportunity to pursue research-intensive advanced studies in a particular field of interest.

Minimum Admission Requirements

  • Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering's additional admission requirement stated below.

  • Evidence of research ability.

Program Requirements

  • At the beginning of each student's program, a professor in the department will be identified as the supervisor who will guide the student in the research program and selection of courses.

  • For students with an adequate undergraduate background, the program will normally consist of 2.0 full-course equivalents (FCEs) and a thesis.

  • MASc students are required to participate in the non-credit seminar course JDE1000H during their first or second session of registration.

  • In Year 1, MASc students are required to attend at least 70% of seminars that are part of the MIE Seminar Series. Students who complete the requirement will receive credit for SRM3333Y MIE Seminar Series for MASc Students.

  • Students in the MASc program have the option of completing an emphasis in Sustainable Energy as part of their degree program. Please see details in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering MASc, MEng, PhD Emphases section.

Program Length

6 sessions full-time (typical registration sequence: F/W/S/F/W/S)

Time Limit

3 years full-time

Master of Engineering

Program Description

The MEng degree program is designed for students preparing for advanced professional activity; it is not a research-oriented degree. The program may be taken on a full-time, extended full-time, or part-time basis.

 

Full-Time Option

Minimum Admission Requirements

  • Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering's additional admission requirements stated below.

  • A mid-B in the final two years of undergraduate study.

Program Requirements

  • 5.0 full-course equivalents (FCEs) or 3.5 FCEs plus a supervised project. A majority of the courses must be either offered by the Department of MIE or from a list (found on the department website) of approved courses deemed equivalent to an MIE course.

  • Program completion is possible in three sessions (one year).

  • Students in the MEng program have the option of completing an emphasis in Advanced Manufacturing; Analytics; Biomanufacturing; Engineering and Globalization; Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Innovation and Technology in Engineering (ELITE); Forensic Engineering; Robotics; or Sustainable Energy as part of their degree program. Please see details in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering MASc, MEng, PhD Emphases section.

Program Length

3 sessions (typical registration sequence: F/W/S);

Time Limit

3 years

 

Extended Full-Time Option

Minimum Admission Requirements

  • Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering's additional admission requirement stated below.

  • A mid-B in the final two years of undergraduate study.

Program Requirements

  • 5.0 full-course equivalents (FCEs) or 3.5 FCEs plus a supervised project. A majority of the courses must be either offered by the Department of MIE or from a list (found on the department website) of approved courses deemed equivalent to an MIE course.

  • Students are expected to complete the requirements in six sessions (two years) and are limited to seven half courses per year and three half courses per session.

  • Students in the MEng program have the option of completing an emphasis in Advanced Manufacturing; Analytics; Biomanufacturing; Engineering and Globalization; Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Innovation and Technology in Engineering (ELITE); Forensic Engineering; Robotics; or Sustainable Energy as part of their degree program. Please see details in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering MASc, MEng, PhD Emphases section.

Program Length

6 sessions (typical registration sequence: F/W/S/F/W/S)

Time Limit

3 years

 

Part-Time Option

Minimum Admission Requirements

  • Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering's additional admission requirement stated below.

  • A mid-B in the final two years of undergraduate study.

Program Requirements

  • 5.0 full-course equivalents (FCEs) or 3.5 FCEs plus a supervised project. A majority of the courses must be either offered by the Department of MIE or from a list (found on the department website) of approved courses deemed equivalent to an MIE course.

  • Students are limited to four half courses per year and two half courses per session. Time to completion will be greater than two years.

  • Students in the MEng program have the option of completing an emphasis in Advanced Manufacturing; Analytics; Biomanufacturing; Engineering and Globalization; Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Innovation and Technology in Engineering (ELITE); Forensic Engineering; Robotics; or Sustainable Energy as part of their degree program. Please see details in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering MASc, MEng, PhD Emphases section.

Program Length

9 sessions

Time Limit

6 years

Dual Degree Program: Bachelor of Engineering (South China University of Technology) / Master of Engineering (University of Toronto)

Effective August 31, 2023, this dual degree program has closed.

Program Description

The MEng may also be taken as part of a dual degree involving the Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) program offered by the South China University of Technology's School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering (SMAE) and the Master of Engineering program offered by the University of Toronto's Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (MIE) department. Dual degree program students complete the fourth year of their BEng as Visiting International Non-degree Students and receive a conditional offer to the MEng program. See the MEng requirements above.

Upon successful completion of the degree requirements of both programs, students receive a Bachelor of Engineering degree and a Master of Engineering degree.

Contact

Bachelor of Engineering Program
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering
South China University of Technology
Email: j2jw@scut.edu.cn

Master of Engineering Program
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, University of Toronto
Email: meng.admission@mie.utoronto.ca

Application Process

  • This dual degree program allows outstanding third-year students at SMAE to apply to complete their fourth year of undergraduate studies enrolled in MIE as Visiting International Non-degree Students. These students receive a conditional offer of admission into the MEng program for their fifth year.

Minimum Admission Requirements

  • Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering's additional admission requirements stated on the department's website.

  • In Years 2 and 3 of the BEng program, a minimum 80% average (mid-B). In Year 4, students must maintain a minimum mid-B average until conferral of the BEng degree.

Doctor of Philosophy

The PhD degree program is for students anticipating a career in which they will be performing or directing research at the most advanced level.

Students may be admitted to the PhD program via one of three routes: 1) following completion of an appropriate master's degree; 2) transfer from the University of Toronto MASc program; or 3) direct entry following completion of a bachelor’s degree.

The Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering offers both full-time and flexible-time PhD program options. Applicants must declare the option for which they wish to apply; transfers between these programs are not permitted.

 

PhD Program

Minimum Admission Requirements

  • Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering's additional admission requirements stated below.

  • Admission to the PhD program is reserved for those who are able to present evidence of superior academic and research ability. Students may be admitted to the PhD program with an appropriate University of Toronto master's degree or its equivalent from a recognized university with a minimum B+ average.

Program Requirements

  • At the beginning of each student's program, a professor in the department will be identified as the supervisor and will guide the student in the research program and selection of courses.

  • Minimum departmental standards in coursework: completion of 2.5 full-course equivalents (FCEs) plus a thesis.

  • Participation in the non-credit seminar course JDE1000H during the first or second session of registration.

  • In Years 1 and 2, students must attend at least 70% of seminars that are part of the MIE Seminar Series. Students who complete this requirement will receive credit for SRD4444Y MIE Seminar Series.

  • Students must pass a qualifying examination, annual progress meetings, and the SGS Doctoral Final Oral Examination.

  • Students must present a research seminar during the final year of their studies.

  • Students must be on campus full-time unless special permission is obtained for off-campus study.

  • Students have the option of completing an emphasis in Sustainable Energy as part of their degree program. Please see details in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering MASc, MEng, PhD Emphases section.

Program Length

4 years

Time Limit

6 years

 

PhD Program (Transfer)

Transfer Requirements

  • Admission to the PhD program is reserved for those who are able to present evidence of superior academic and research ability. Very strong MASc students may apply to transfer to the PhD program after completing only one year of the MASc program.

Program Requirements

  • At the beginning of each student's program, a professor in the department will be identified as the supervisor and will guide the student in the research program and selection of courses.

  • Minimum departmental standards in coursework: completion of 3.5 full-course equivalents (FCEs) plus a thesis.

  • Participation in the non-credit seminar course JDE1000H during the first or second session of registration.

  • In Years 1 and 2, students must attend at least 70% of seminars that are part of the MIE Seminar Series. Students who complete this requirement will receive credit for SRD4444Y MIE Seminar Series.

  • Students must pass a qualifying examination, annual progress meetings, and the SGS Doctoral Final Oral Examination.

  • Students must present a research seminar during the final year of their studies.

  • Students must be on campus full-time unless special permission is obtained for off-campus study.

  • Students in the PhD program have the option of completing an emphasis in Sustainable Energy as part of their degree program. Please see details in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering MASc, MEng, PhD Emphases section.

Program Length

5 years

Time Limit

7 years

 

PhD Program (Direct-Entry)

Minimum Admission Requirements

  • Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering's additional admission requirements stated below.

  • Admission to the PhD program is reserved for those who are able to present evidence of superior academic and research ability. Exceptionally strong applicants with a bachelor's degree and an appropriate background may apply directly to the PhD program and may be admitted via direct entry. Applicants are advised to consult with the Graduate Coordinator before applying to ensure that they have the appropriate admission requirements for direct entry.

Program Requirements

  • At the beginning of each student's program, a professor in the department will be identified as the supervisor and will guide the student in the research program and selection of courses.

  • Minimum departmental standards in coursework: completion of 3.5 full-course equivalents (FCEs) plus a thesis.

  • Participation in the non-credit seminar course JDE1000H during the first or second session of registration.

  • In Years 1 and 2, students must attend at least 70% of seminars that are part of the MIE Seminar Series. Students who complete this requirement will receive credit for SRD4444Y MIE Seminar Series.

  • Students must pass a qualifying examination, annual progress meetings, and the SGS Doctoral Final Oral Examination.

  • Students must present a research seminar during the final year of their studies.

  • Students must be on campus full-time unless special permission is obtained for off-campus study.

  • Students in the PhD program have the option of completing an emphasis in Sustainable Energy as part of their degree program. Please see details in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering MASc, MEng, PhD Emphases section.

Program Length

5 years

Time Limit

7 years

 

PhD Program (Flexible-Time)

Minimum Admission Requirements

  • Applicants are admitted under the General Regulations of the School of Graduate Studies. Applicants must also satisfy the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering's additional admission requirements stated below.

  • Admission to a PhD program is reserved for those who are able to present evidence of superior academic and research ability. Students may be admitted to the PhD program with an appropriate University of Toronto master's degree or its equivalent from a recognized university with a minimum B+ average.

  • Applicants to the flexible-time PhD option are accepted under the same admission requirements as applicants to the full-time PhD option. However, in addition, applicants to the flexible-time PhD option must demonstrate that they are actively engaged in professional activities related to their proposed program of study.

Program Requirements

  • At the beginning of each student's program, a professor in the department will be identified as the supervisor and will guide the student in the research program and selection of courses.

  • Minimum departmental standards in coursework: completion of 2.5 full-course equivalents (FCEs) and a thesis.

  • Participation in the non-credit seminar course JDE1000H during their first or second session of registration.

  • In Years 1 and 2, students must attend at least 70% of seminars that are part of the MIE Seminar Series. Students who complete this requirement will receive credit for SRD4444Y MIE Seminar Series. Students whose professional background is such that they would be deemed to have fulfilled this breadth requirement may be exempted upon consultation with the admissions committee.

  • Students must pass a qualifying examination, annual progress meetings, and the SGS Doctoral Final Oral Examination.

  • Students must present a research seminar during the final year of their studies.

  • Students in the PhD program have the option of completing an emphasis in Sustainable Energy as part of their degree program. Please see details in the Mechanical and Industrial Engineering MASc, MEng, PhD Emphases section.

Program Length

6 years

Time Limit

8 years

Emphasis: Advanced Manufacturing (MEng only)

MEng students must successfully complete:

  • Four half courses (2.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs]), including at least one core course.

  • Elective courses may include other core courses, and courses from either of two streams: Manufacturing Engineering and Manufacturing Management.

Core Courses

AER501H1 Computational Structural Mechanics and Design Optimization
AER1403H Advanced Aerospace Structures
APS1028H Operations and Production Management for Manufacturing and Services
CHE1123H Liquid Biofuels
MIE519H1 Advanced Manufacturing Technologies
MIE1740H Smart Materials and Structures.

Elective Courses — Manufacturing Engineering

AER1415H,
CHE1134H, CHE1475H,
MIE506H1, MIE540H1, MIE1706H, MIE1718H, MIE1743H,
MSE1013H, MSE1015H, MSE1028H, MSE1031H, MSE1043H, MSE1058H, MSE1061H,
ROB501H1, ROB521H1.

Elective Courses — Manufacturing Management

APS1005H, APS1012H, APS1013H, APS1017H, APS1020H, APS1023H, APS1040H, APS1088H, APS1420H,
CHE561H1, CHE1434H,
MIE523H1, MIE1022H, MIE1505H, MIE1514H, MIE1715H, MIE1721H, MIE1723H, MIE1727H,
TEP1011H, TEP1026H, TEP1501H.

 

Emphasis: Advanced Soft Materials (MEng only)

MEng students must successfully complete any four half courses (2.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs]) from the following list:

CHE562H1, CHE1310H, CHE1333H, CHE1335H, CHE1475H,
JTC1134H, JTC1135H,
MIE1705H, MIE1706H, MIE1707H, MIE1740H,
MSE1032H.

Students may double-count one course at most towards any MIE emphasis, or towards any other emphasis in the Faculty.

 

Emphasis: Analytics (MEng only)

To be admitted to the emphasis in Analytics, MEng students must first successfully complete a prerequisite course APS1070H (0.5 full-course equivalent [FCE]).

Subsequently, to earn the emphasis, students must successfully complete four additional half courses (2.0 FCEs) from the list of core courses or elective courses. These must include at least one core course; the remaining courses must be selected from the list of elective courses.

Students must have completed the prerequisite course APS1070H before taking any of the core courses.

Prerequisite Course

APS1070H Foundations of Data Analytics and Machine Learning.

Core Courses

CHE1147H Data Mining in Engineering
ECE1513H Introduction to Machine Learning (exclusions: CSC311H1, CSC2515H, ECE421H1, ECE1504H)
MIE1624H Introduction to Data Science and Analytics (exclusion: MIE1626H)
MIE1626H Data Science Methods and Statistical Learning (exclusion: MIE1624H)
MSE1065H Application of Artificial Intelligence in Materials Design (exclusion: MSE1063H).

Elective Courses

APS502H1, APS1005H, APS1017H, APS1022H, APS1040H, APS1050H, APS1051H, APS1052H, APS1053H, APS1080H,
CEM1002H,
CHE507H1, CHE1108H, CHE1148H, CHE1434H,
CIV1504H, CIV1506H, CIV1507H, CIV1532H, CIV1538H,
ECE537H1, ECE1504H (exclusions: CSC311H1, CSC2515H, ECE421H1, ECE521H1, ECE1513H), ECE1505H, ECE1657H, ECE1778H, ECE1779H, ECE1786H,
MIE562H1, MIE1077H, MIE1413H, MIE1501H, MIE1512H, MIE1513H, MIE1517H, MIE1620H, MIE1621H, MIE1622H, MIE1623H, MIE1625H, MIE1628H, MIE1653H, MIE1666H, MIE1721H, MIE1723H, MIE1727H, MIE1769H,
MSE1063H (exclusion: MSE1065H).

 

Emphasis: Biomanufacturing (MEng only)

MEng students must successfully complete any four half courses (2.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs]) from the following list:

CHE1123H, CHE1125H, CHE1134H, CHE1135H, CHE1334H, CHE1450H, CHE1471H,
JCC1313H,
JTC1331H,
BME1459H, BME1480H.

Students may double-count one course at most towards any MIE emphasis, or towards any other emphasis in the Faculty.

 

Emphasis: Engineering and Globalization (MEng only)

MEng students must successfully complete four half courses (2.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs]) from the following lists, with at least two half courses (or one full course) taken from Group A.

Group A

APS510H1, APS530H1, APS1420H, JCR1000Y (full-year course).

Group B

APS1015H, APS1020H, APS1024H, CHL5700H, CIV1399H.

Note: Students who choose to pursue an MEng project in their home department that aligns with the Centre for Global Engineering (CGEN)'s disciplinary focus, as deemed by the CGEN Director, may count the project as one required Group B course.

Students who complete the requirements of the emphasis in Engineering and Globalization and wish to obtain a notation on their transcript should contact the Faculty Graduate Studies office.

 

Emphasis: Entrepreneurship, Leadership, Innovation and Technology in Engineering (ELITE) (MEng only)

MEng students must successfully complete any four of the following courses (2.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs]):

Leadership

TEP1010H, TEP1011H, TEP1026H, TEP1027H, TEP1029H, TEP1030H, TEP1501H, TEP1502H, TEP1601H.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation

APS511H1, APS1012H, APS1013H, APS1015H, APS1023H, APS1033H, APS1035H, APS1036H, APS1041H, APS1061H, APS1088H.

Finance and Management

AER1601H, APS500H1, APS502H1, APS1001H, APS1004H, APS1005H, APS1009H, APS1016H, APS1017H, APS1020H, APS1022H, APS1028H, APS1032H, APS1038H, APS1039H, APS1040H, APS1043H, APS1049H, APS1050H, APS1051H, APS1052H.

Engineering and Society

APS510H1, APS1018H, APS1024H, APS1025H, APS1031H, APS1034H, APS1101H, APS1420H.

 

Emphasis: Forensic Engineering (MEng only)

MEng students must successfully complete four courses (one core course and three elective courses; 2.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs]).

Core Course

MSE1031H Forensic Engineering.

Elective Courses

AER1604H,
APS1034H, APS1039H, APS1040H, APS1101H,
BME1480H, BME1800H, BME1801H, BME1802H,
CHE561H1, CHE568H1, CHE1213H, CHE1431H, CHE1432H, CHE1434H, CHE1436H,
CIV510H1, CIV518H1, CIV1163H, CIV1171H, CIV1174H, CIV1190H, CIV1201H, CIV1279H, CIV1282H, CIV1422H, CIV1429H,
JMB1050H,
JNC2503H,
MIE507H1, MIE533H1, MIE566H1, MIE1301H, MIE1303H, MIE1411H, MIE1414H, MIE1514H, MIE1616H, MIE17108H, MIE1714H, MIE1721H, MIE1723H, MIE1727H, MIE1804H,
MSE1015H, MSE1016H, MSE1022H, MSE1032H, MSE1067H.

 

Emphasis: Robotics (MEng only)

Students must successfully complete four courses (2.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs]) chosen from at least two of the following groups, and no more than two in any given group:

Group 1: Planning and Control

AER1516H, AER1517H,
ECE557H1 (exclusion: ECE410H1), ECE1635H, ECE1636H, ECE1647H, ECE1653H, ECE1657H,
MIE1064H.

Group 2: Perception and Learning

AER1513H, AER1515H,
CSC2503H, CSC2506H, CSC2515H, CSC2541H, CSC2548H,
ECE516H1, ECE1511H, ECE1512H,
JEB1433H,
ROB501H1.

Group 3: Modelling and Dynamics

AER506H1, AER1503H, AER1512H,
JEB1444H,
MIE1001H.

Group 4: Systems Design and Integration

AER525H1 (exclusion: ECE470H1), AER1216H, AER1217H,
CSC2621H,
ECE470H1 (exclusion: AER525H1),
MIE505H1, MIE506H1, MIE1070H, MIE1075H, MIE1076H, MIE1080H, MIE1809H,
ROB521H1, ROB1514H.

 

Emphasis: Sustainable Energy (MASc, MEng, PhD)

MASc and PhD students must successfully complete:

  • At least three half courses (1.5 full-course equivalents [FCEs]) from either of the following lists below.

  • A thesis towards their degree on a topic related to sustainable energy. Topics must be approved by the steering committee of the Institute of Sustainable Energy. Contact: emphasis@cpe.utoronto.ca.

MEng students must successfully complete:

  • Four half courses (2.0 FCEs) from either of the following lists below, including at least one core course (0.5 FCE).

Core Courses

APS1032H Introduction to Energy Project Management
MIE515H1 Alternative Energy Systems
MIE1120H Current Energy Infrastructure and Resources.

Elective Courses

AER507H1, AER1304H, AER1315H, AER1415H,
CHE568H1, CHE1053H, CHE1118H, CHE1123H, CHE1142H, CHE1143H,
CIV575H1, CIV576H1, CIV577H1, CIV1303H, CIV1307H,
ECE1030H, ECE1055H, ECE1057H, ECE1059H, ECE1085H, ECE1086H, ECE1092H, ECE1094H, ECE1476H,
MIE516H1, MIE517H1, MIE1128H, MIE1129H, MIE1130H, MIE1240H, MIE1241H, MIE1715H,
MSE1023H, MSE1028H, MSE1058H.

Contact

All students are asked to register with Climate Positive Energy (CPE) at emphasis@cpe.utoronto.ca, at the beginning of their studies, to receive information about energy-related activities and opportunities on campus. CPE also administers a number of awards and scholarships for which students may be eligible.

 

Emphasis: Waterpower (MEng only)

MEng students must successfully complete four half courses (2.0 full-course equivalents [FCEs], including one core course. The remaining coursework may be taken from the following lists.

Core Course

APS1410H Waterpower Essentials.

Group A (complete at least one)

APS1411H (prerequisite: APS1410H),
CIV550H1.

Group B (complete at least one)

AER1410H,
APS1024H, APS1032H,
CIV514H1, CIV523H1, CIV580H1, CIV1001H, CIV1163H, CIV1171H, CIV1252H, CIV1275H, CIV1279H, CIV1281H, CIV1303H, CIV1399H, CIV1420H,
ECE514H1, ECE533H, ECE1049H, ECE1059H, ECE1093H, ECE1094H,
ENV1001H, ENV1701H, ENV1703H,
MIE1201H, MIE1207H, MIE1210H, MIE1222H, MIE1241H.

Chirag Variawa

“The University of Toronto stands out as an intellectual powerhouse.”

Chirag Variawa
Alumnus, PhD (2014), Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
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